On 5 April, Europol launched a joint analysis report with the Security Steering Committee of the ports of Antwerp, Hamburg/Bremerhaven and Rotterdam that looks into the risk and challenges for law enforcement posed by criminal networks in EU ports. It finds that the use of misappropriated container reference codes (or so-called PIN code fraud) is gaining traction among criminal networks as a modus operandi for extracting illicit goods from ports; criminal networks arrange the infiltration of ports by coordinating local networks of corrupted port insiders; and a side effect of the criminal operations in ports and the rivalry it entails, is violence which often spills out of major transportation hubs onto the streets of surrounding cities, where competition for distribution takes place.