On 19 November, NASDAQ carried an article about a form of fraud that it says that the pandemic has seen increased credit card disputes, and merchants frequently feel they have no real recourse against first-party misuse of chargebacks, more commonly known as “friendly fraud”. It says that payment card fraud losses, which include both conventional and friendly fraud, rose above $32 billion worldwide this year, up more than a third from 2017 levels. About 1 in every 2,000 online transactions results in a chargeback.
https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/what-is-friendly-fraud-costing-your-business
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