The Institute for Science and International Security also produced this interesting paper in September 2017. It states that apart from Saudi Arabia, which the Institute views as currently the largest proliferation risk in the Middle East, 3 key neighbours of Iran also warrant intensive study as to their nuclear capabilities and plans, safeguards and obstacles to proliferation, and future proliferation risks. None of these are countries which most people would immediately highlight as obvious proliferation risks – but given the general levels of instability, if not outright conflict, across the larger Middle East region, any or all states in the region might be considered a risk.